PowerPoint 'makes us stupid'

The U.S. military is hooked on PowerPoint, reports the New York Times. Some are fighting back.

“PowerPoint makes us stupid,” Gen. James N. Mattis of the Marine Corps, the Joint Forces commander, said this month at a military conference in North Carolina. (He spoke without PowerPoint.) Brig. Gen. H. R. McMaster, who banned PowerPoint presentations when he led the successful effort to secure the northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2005, followed up at the same conference by likening PowerPoint to an internal threat.

“It’s dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control,” General McMaster said in a telephone interview afterward. “Some problems in the world are not bullet-izable.”

. . . Commanders say that behind all the PowerPoint jokes are serious concerns that the program stifles discussion, critical thinking and thoughtful decision-making.

University professors “know that PowerPoint shuts up discussion and shuts down critical thinking,” writes Margaret Soltan of University Diaries. Her post unleashed her commenters’ pent-up PowerPoint rage.

From a professor:

Some teachers put their entire presentation on powerpoint and post it to the web. Result – students download the powerpoints and don’t come to class.

A college student:

At least 80% of my classes revolve around the powerpoint. . . . It is an issue with our culture of “get straight to the point” – literally. the powerpoint – 15 slides with 5 bullet points each dont even given to scratch the surface of some of the more complex problems or ideas that are trying to be presented….

A graduate:

You pay $3,000 for a class to have a professor read bullet points off the slides. It has greatly diminished the capacity for people to actually communicate anything of substance.

Textbook manufacturers supply PowerPoint slides, which cuts the prep time for P3s (PowerPoint Professors), writes a former college instructor.  P3s “can get quite rattled when asked an ‘off-PowerPoint’ question.”

First slaveowner

“George Washington was a good president” because “he freed us from England,” Elena Aguilar’s son learned in kindergarten. Aguilar, an Oakland school improvement coach and Edutopia blogger, is angry. She wants critical analysis of history. In kindergarten.

“Some people think he was good, others disagree,” I said.

I then explained to my son that I thought he’d done some things that weren’t fair. “George Washington owned slaves and one of the reasons he wanted to be free from England was because he wanted to be even richer than he already was,” I told him.

The George Washington comment had Aguilar “boiling,” she writes.

First, this is not the way to teach history. This approach — an uncritical, history-as-true-fact, spoon-fed-hero-worshipping of rich white men and the unquestioned glorification of those who have always had power — is not acceptable for my kid or any kid.

Secondly, I’m shocked by any teacher’s lack of cultural competence. I can’t imagine what one might think as they look at students’ faces, such as those of my son’s classmates (some of whom are African American or recent immigrants), and declare, “George Washington freed us from England.” He sure didn’t free my people who immigrated in the twentieth century, and he sure didn’t free my husband’s ancestors who were brought to this country in shackles.

Comments critical of Aguilar’s post were deleted without explanation, writes Robert Pondiscio. Edutopia responded by printing two comments censored for racism, neither of which I would consider racist. It did not print Pondiscio’s deleted comment or at least one other.

Pondiscio questions whether Washington was motivated by financial gain.

. . . didn’t Washington, a wealthy planter whose wealth was largely created by planting tobacco for export, have much more to lose than gain – including his life – by rebelling?  I was surprised to read that his leading the American Revolution was essentially a business decision.  Too, there’s the issue of viewing historical figures through a contemporary lens.  And isn’t all of this a bit much to put on the plate of six-year-olds?  Presumably over the course of a K-12 education there should be several occasions to expand one’s knowledge, see with more nuance, and come to see history in all its contradictions and complexities.

I added a comment:

When teachers include all children in the “us” who were “freed from England” that means that we are all equally American, with equal citizenship. It doesn’t mean we’re all descended from colonial Americans. My grandparents came here in 1890-1910 so they could be the heirs of George Washington.

I think it’s a grave mistake to urge kindergartners to see George Washington primarily as a slave owner rather than as the general who helped us win our independence and the first president (who refused the title of king). As Robert writes, financial self-interest could not have motivated Washington. The Revolution was far more likely to lead to his complete ruin and to his death. Hence the phrase “our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.”

As it happens my daughter was born on George Washington’s birthday. When she was in elementary school and had to dress up as their hero, she chose Washington. My efforts to make her a wig out of cotton balls have left me with Post-Art Project Stress Syndrome (PAP SS).

Learning to remember

Students should learn to memorize, writes Ben Johnson, a teacher turned technology consultant, on Edutopia’s blog.

The total emphasis on critical thinking has it all wrong: Before students can think critically, they need to have something to think about in their brains. It is true that knowledge without comprehension is of little use, but comprehension requires knowledge and it takes time and effort to acquire.

The stress on high-order thinking skills and the execration of memorization is hurting students, Johnson argues.

* The brain is a learning tool. This might seem obvious, but the brain is not a passive sponge. It requires active effort to retain information in short-term memory and even more effort to get it into long-term memory.

* Learners need to know that the longer an idea can be kept in short-term memory, the more chance it can be pushed into long-term memory. This is where practice makes perfect makes sense.

* The body is another learning tool — another often-ignored concept. The body is connected to the brain and if you engage the body, you are engaging the brain too.

* Learner feel an addictive sense of accomplishment when something has been memorized completely.

Johnson suggests some memory games.

"We do not start the world anew with each generation"

In today’s Boston Globe, Diane Ravitch shows with pith and verve that “the same ideas proposed today by the 21st-Century Skills movement were iterated and reiterated by pedagogues across the 20th century.”

Whether it was “learning by doing,” the “project method,” the “activity method,” the “life adjustment movement,” or “outcome-based education,” pedagogues downplayed the importance of academic knowledge.

For over a century we have numbed the brains of teachers with endless blather about process and abstract thinking skills. We have taught them about graphic organizers and Venn diagrams and accountable talk, data-based decision-making, rubrics, and leveled libraries.

But we have ignored what matters most. We have neglected to teach them that one cannot think critically without quite a lot of knowledge to think about. Thinking critically involves comparing and contrasting and synthesizing what one has learned. And a great deal of knowledge is necessary before one can begin to reflect on its meaning and look for alternative explanations.

Ravitch writes, “we do not start the world anew with each generation.” We need the experience, knowledge, and wisdom of those who came before us.

Such knowledge allows us to practice true critical thinking. Without it we are lost.

(And to P21 people who say they never denied this, I say: then let’s teach literature and history. Enough with the nonsense, enough with the marketing of “21st century flotsam” and “21st century jetsam.”)

Read the entire article.

Update: Read also David Foster’s “Thinking and Memorizing.”